Gliosis is a fundamental process in the central nervous system (CNS) that involves the proliferation and hypertrophy of glial cells, primarily astrocytes, in response to various forms of CNS injury. It’s a protective mechanism intended to isolate and repair damaged areas of the brain or spinal cord. Types–• Fibrillary Gliosis: This type involves the formation […]
Cerebral edema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the brain tissue.This condition can lead to increased pressure within the skull, potentially causing serious complications. Types –There are two primary types of cerebral edema:• Cytotoxic Edema: This occurs when there is an increase in intracellular fluid within brain cells. It […]
Hypoxia and anoxia are both medical conditions characterized by a lack of oxygen in the body or a particular tissue, but they differ in several key ways. Understanding these differences is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. ▪︎ Definition –• Hypoxia: Hypoxia is a condition where there is an insufficient supply of oxygen to meet […]
Brain hypoxia, often referred to as cerebral hypoxia or brain anoxia, occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen to function properly. This can lead to significant neurological impairment and, in severe cases, permanent brain damage or death. Brain hypoxia can result from various causes, and its severity can vary widely. Symptoms –The symptoms […]
Brain herniation is a medical emergency characterized by the displacement of brain tissue from its normal position within the skull. It can lead to life-threatening complications and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms –• Severe headache• Altered consciousness• Vomiting• Unequal pupil size (anisocoria)• Weakness or paralysis• Abnormal posturing (decerebrate or decorticate)• Difficulty breathing Types –There are […]
Mega Cisterna Magna (MCM) is a neurological condition characterized by the enlargement of the cisterna magna, a cerebrospinal fluid-filled space at the back of the brain. This condition is usually detected during prenatal ultrasound or incidentally on brain imaging. Symptoms –Mega Cisterna Magna is often asymptomatic and does not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, in […]
Neurovascular conflict (NVC) refers to the pathological contact between a cranial nerve and a blood vessel in the brain, leading to compression and subsequent nerve dysfunction. This condition can manifest in various regions of the brain, most commonly affecting the trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves. Symptoms-The symptoms of neurovascular conflict depend on the specific cranial […]
AICA Loop Syndrome, also known as Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Loop Syndrome, is a rare vascular condition that affects the cranial nerve and can lead to various neurological symptoms. Symptoms –The symptoms of AICA Loop Syndrome can vary from person to person but typically include –• Vertigo• Hearing loss• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)• Facial […]
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a specific type of injury to the brain which sometimes affects babies born prematurely. It is the most common birth-related brain injury that is caused by a lack of blood flow during labor and delivery.PVL occurs when the white matter in the ventricles of the brain becomes damaged or decayed. White matter is very important […]
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain dysfunction (brain injury) that occurs when the brain experiences a decrease in oxygen or blood flow. HIE can occur before birth, during labor and delivery or after birth. The amount of time the brain spends without oxygen or blood flow can impact how severely the brain is damaged.Brain injury […]