Cytomegalovirus Infection
Cytomegalovirus infection- herpes virus is common problem these days. Many people do not know they have it because they may have no symptoms.
But the virus which remains dormant in the body, can cause complications during pregnancy and for people with a weakened immune system. The virus spreads through bodily fluids,and pregnant woman can pass it on to the unborn baby.
It is also known as HCMV, CMV or human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), cytomegalovirus is the most commonly transmitted virus to a developing virus.
Symptoms-
Most healthy people who are infected with cytomegalovirus infection- herpes virus may experience no symptoms.Some experience minor symptoms.
• Babies
Most babies who have congenital CMV appear healthy at birth.
A few babies who have congenital who appear healthy at birth develop signs over time – sometimes not for months or years after birth.The most common of these late occuring signs are hearing loss and developmental delay. A small number of babies may also develop vision problems.
The following sign and symptoms are more common in babies who have congenital CMV and who are sick at birth-
1• Premature birth
2• Low birthweight
3• Yellow skin and eyes (Jaundice)
4• Enlarged and poorly functioning liver
5• Abnormally small head (microencephaly)
6• Enlarged Spleen
7• Purple skin splotches or a rash or both
8• Pneumonia
9• Seizures
Healthy adults
Most people who are infected with cytomegalovirus infection who are otherwise healthy experience few if any symptoms.
first infected, some adults may have symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis, including –
1• Fatigue
2• fever
3• Sorethroat
4• Muscle aches
5• Swollen glands
Types-
There are three main types of cytomegalovirus infection- herpes virus-
• Acquired or Primary
CMV is when a person gets the virus for the first time.
• Recurring
CMV is when the person already has the virus. The virus is dormant and then becomes active due to a weak immune system.
• Congenital
CMV is when a person has the virus during pregnancy and passes it on to the foetus.
CMV is generally not a problem, except when it affects an unborn child or a person with a weak immune system, such as a recent transplant recipient or a person with HIV.
People who have received organ and bone marrow transplants have to take immunosuppressants to lower their immune systems so that their bodies do not reject the new organs. Dormant CMV can become active in these people and lead to organ damage.
Causes-
CMV is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox, herpes simplex and mononucleosis. If you’re healthy, CMV mainly stays dormant.
You probably won’t catch CMV from casual contact. But you can get it by touching your eyes, nose or mouth after having contact with an infected person’s –
• Saliva
• Semen
• Vaginal fluids
• Blood
• Urine
• Breast milk
You can also get CMV through –
• Sexual contact
• Blood transfusions
• Organ transplants
Risk Factors –
CMV is a widespread and common virus that can infect almost anyone.
Complications –
Complications of CMV infection vary, depending on your overall health and when you were infected
Healthy adults
Rarely, CMV causes a healthy adult to develop mononucleosis. Other rare complications for healthy adults include problems with the digestive system, liver, brain and nervous system.
Weakened immunity people
• Vision loss
• Digestive system problems including colitis, oesophagitis and hepatitis
• Nervous system problems including encephalitis
• Pneumonia
Infants who have congenital CMV
• Hearing loss
• Vision problems
• Lack of coordination
• Intellectual disability
• Seizures
• Weakness or problems using muscles
Diagnosis-
• Blood and urine tests – These include CMV antigen, a virus culture or PCR (a molecular test).Serologic tests look for things your immune system makes to fight CMV called IgM and IgG antibodies.
• A biopsy
• Eyes test
• Imaging tests like a CT scan
Treatment-
Scientists have been searching for a CMV vaccine, but as yet, there is no cure.
People with acquired CMV Who contract the virus for the first time can use over-the-counter (OTC) pain relief medicines, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen or aspirin to relieve symptoms or should drink plenty of fluids.
People with congenital or recurring CMV can use antiviral medications, such as ganciclovir, to slow the virus’s spread.
Newborns may need to stay in the hospital until their organ functions return to normal.
Prevention –
Careful hygeine is the best prevention against CMV. You should follow under said precautions –
• Wash your hands often
• Avoid contact with tears and saliva when you kiss a child
• Avoid sharing food or drinking out of the same glass as others
• Be careful with disposable items
• Clean toys and countertops
• Practice safe sex
Ayurvedic Perspective-
In Ayurveda treatment aim to strengthen immune system and making all dhatus such as Rasa, Rakta, Masa, Meda, Asthi, Majja and Shukra healthy by giving them proper nourishment.
Beneficial Herbs-
• Peppermint-
• Ashwagandha –
• Bala-
• Shatavari –
• Bhumyamlaki –
• Manjishta –
Effective medications-
• Chopchiniadi Churna
• Vasant Kusumakar Ras
• Sfatika Bhasm
• Trivang Bhasm
• Gandhak Rasayan
• Dhatuposhtik Churna
• Kaishore Gugglu
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