Enophthalmos
Enophthalmos refers to the posterior displacement or sinking of the eyeball within the eye socket (orbit), causing the eye to appear sunken.
Symptoms –
• Sunken appearance of the affected eye.
• Decreased or double vision.
• Pain or discomfort around the eye.
• Limited eye movement.
• Facial asymmetry.
Types –
• Primary Enophthalmos: Due to the absence or underdevelopment of orbital tissues.
• Secondary Enophthalmos: Caused by trauma, surgery, or other factors affecting the orbit.
Causes –
• Trauma: Fractures of the orbital bones can cause the eyeball to sink.
• Surgical Complications: Incorrectly performed eye or facial surgery can lead to enophthalmos.
• Tumors: Certain tumors within the orbit can cause the eye to be displaced.
• Congenital Conditions: Some individuals are born with smaller eye sockets, making enophthalmos more likely.
• Aging: Loss of fat and tissue around the eye as a person ages can lead to enophthalmos.
Risk Factors –
• Trauma: Any injury to the eye or orbital region increases the risk.
• Maxillofacial Surgery: Procedures involving the eye socket or adjacent areas can lead to enophthalmos.
• Tumors: Orbital tumors can displace the eyeball.
Complications –
• Cosmetic Concerns: Enophthalmos can alter facial appearance and self-esteem.
• Vision Problems: Displacement of the eye can cause vision disturbances.
• Diplopia: Double vision due to misalignment of the eyes.
Diagnosis –
• Clinical Examination: An ophthalmologist will assess eye movement, alignment, and measure the degree of enophthalmos.
• Imaging: CT or MRI scans can visualize the orbit and its structures.
Treatment –
• Conservative: In mild cases, observation and reassurance may be sufficient.
• Surgical Correction: Repositioning the eyeball or using implants to restore volume.
• Reconstruction: In cases of trauma, reconstructive surgery may be necessary.
• Cosmetic Procedures: Soft tissue fillers can be used for minor corrections.
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