Vitamin B3 Deficiency
Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the body’s energy production, DNA repair, and cell signaling processes. Vitamin B3 deficiency, called pellagra, can cause symptoms related to the skin, digestive system, and nervous system
Vitamin B3 Deficiency Symptoms –
• Pellagra: a condition that causes dermatitis (a scaly rash on areas exposed to the sun), diarrhea, dementia, and other neurological symptoms.
• Glossitis: an inflamed tongue that appears swollen, red, and smooth
• Fatigue and weakness
• Headache
• Depression and irritability
• Memory loss
Causes of Vitamin B3 Deficiency –
• Inadequate dietary intake of niacin
• Poor absorption of niacin due to digestive disorders such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, or ulcerative colitis
• Alcoholism
• Some medications that interfere with niacin metabolism
• Increased demand for niacin due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, or certain medical conditions such as cancer
Diagnosis –
• A blood test can measure the levels of niacin in the blood
• A urine test can also be used to detect niacin deficiency
• Your doctor may also perform a physical exam and review your medical history to check for signs and symptoms of deficiency
Treatment –
• Niacin supplements are commonly used to treat niacin deficiency
• Increasing dietary intake of niacin-rich foods can also help
• In severe cases, intravenous (IV) niacin may be required
Sources of Vitamin B3 –
• Chicken, turkey, and other poultry
• Fish such as tuna, salmon, and halibut
• Whole grains such as barley and wheat
• Legumes such as peanuts and lentils
• Nuts such as almonds and peanuts
• Vegetables such as mushrooms and avocados
Prevention –
• Consuming a well-balanced diet that includes niacin-rich foods such as poultry, fish, whole grains, legumes, and nuts
• Taking niacin supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider
• Managing underlying medical conditions that may increase the risk of niacin deficiency
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